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Merck & Co azd1775

a Thermodynamic cycle leveraged by ligand-based relative binding free energy calculations (L-RB-FEP+) to estimate the binding affinity of a design idea (orange) (ΔG expt design ) relative to experimental binding affinity of reference compound (green) (ΔG expt reference ) in the crystallographic structure of <t>AZD1775</t> (compound 1 ) within the Wee1 binding pocket (gray surface representation; PDB ID 5V5Y ). Arrows A and B represent the alchemical perturbation between the reference and design idea in solvent (ΔG FEP solvent ) and the binding pocket, (ΔG FEP complex ), respectively, while arrows 1 and 2 represent experimental binding affinities. b Sample schematic of an L-RB-FEP+ profiling cascade to predict potency and selectivity against three off-targets such that only the most promising designs need to be promoted to subsequent stages.

Azd1775, supplied by Merck & Co, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 86/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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1) Product Images from "Harnessing free energy calculations for kinome-wide selectivity in drug discovery campaigns with a Wee1 case study"

Article Title: Harnessing free energy calculations for kinome-wide selectivity in drug discovery campaigns with a Wee1 case study

Journal: Nature Communications

doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-62722-w

Figure Legend Snippet: a Thermodynamic cycle leveraged by ligand-based relative binding free energy calculations (L-RB-FEP+) to estimate the binding affinity of a design idea (orange) (ΔG expt design ) relative to experimental binding affinity of reference compound (green) (ΔG expt reference ) in the crystallographic structure of AZD1775 (compound 1 ) within the Wee1 binding pocket (gray surface representation; PDB ID 5V5Y ). Arrows A and B represent the alchemical perturbation between the reference and design idea in solvent (ΔG FEP solvent ) and the binding pocket, (ΔG FEP complex ), respectively, while arrows 1 and 2 represent experimental binding affinities. b Sample schematic of an L-RB-FEP+ profiling cascade to predict potency and selectivity against three off-targets such that only the most promising designs need to be promoted to subsequent stages.

Techniques Used: Binding Assay, Solvent

a Schematic of Wee1 in cell cycle regulation. The cell cycle is composed of four major phases, including G1 (gap 1), S (DNA synthesis), G2 (gap 2) and M (mitosis). Wee1 is a gatekeeper of the G2-M cell cycle checkpoint through phosphorylation of CDK1/2. Inhibition of Wee1 forces cells into unscheduled mitosis and culminates in premature cell death. b Binding pocket representation of AZD1775 bound to Wee1 (PDB ID: 5V5Y ; generated in Maestro (Schrödinger Release 2024-2: Maestro, Schrödinger, LLC, New York, NY, 2024.) c 2D schematic of AZD1775 scaffold with highlighted R1 group occupying the hydrophobic pocket around the gatekeeper (GK) residue, R2 group located under the p-loop and the R3 group protruding into the solvent-exposed region.

Figure Legend Snippet: a Schematic of Wee1 in cell cycle regulation. The cell cycle is composed of four major phases, including G1 (gap 1), S (DNA synthesis), G2 (gap 2) and M (mitosis). Wee1 is a gatekeeper of the G2-M cell cycle checkpoint through phosphorylation of CDK1/2. Inhibition of Wee1 forces cells into unscheduled mitosis and culminates in premature cell death. b Binding pocket representation of AZD1775 bound to Wee1 (PDB ID: 5V5Y ; generated in Maestro (Schrödinger Release 2024-2: Maestro, Schrödinger, LLC, New York, NY, 2024.) c 2D schematic of AZD1775 scaffold with highlighted R1 group occupying the hydrophobic pocket around the gatekeeper (GK) residue, R2 group located under the p-loop and the R3 group protruding into the solvent-exposed region.

Techniques Used: DNA Synthesis, Phospho-proteomics, Inhibition, Binding Assay, Generated, Residue, Solvent

a Compound 10 (PDB ID: 9D0R), b compound 11 (PDB ID: 9D0Q), c compound 14 (PDB ID: 9D0S), d PD-166285 (compound 15 ; PDB ID: 5VC5 ), and e overlay of compounds 10, 11 , and 14 (green) with AZD1775 (orange) in the Wee1 binding pocket (select residues for 5V5Y displayed in cyan ribbons and gray surface). All ligand interaction diagrams generated in Maestro (Schrödinger Release 2024-2: Maestro, Schrödinger, LLC, New York, NY, 2024).

Figure Legend Snippet: a Compound 10 (PDB ID: 9D0R), b compound 11 (PDB ID: 9D0Q), c compound 14 (PDB ID: 9D0S), d PD-166285 (compound 15 ; PDB ID: 5VC5 ), and e overlay of compounds 10, 11 , and 14 (green) with AZD1775 (orange) in the Wee1 binding pocket (select residues for 5V5Y displayed in cyan ribbons and gray surface). All ligand interaction diagrams generated in Maestro (Schrödinger Release 2024-2: Maestro, Schrödinger, LLC, New York, NY, 2024).

Techniques Used: Binding Assay, Generated

Image Search Results

a Experimental setup of the viral insertional mutagenesis screen in ( b ). b Sense/total insertion ratios from mutagenesis screens performed in HAP1 cells treated with AZD1775 or DMSO. Genes with significantly less sense insertions in AZD1775-treated cells are indicated. c Schematic representation of high-ranking gene mutations causing sensitization to WEE1i. d Pathway enrichment analysis, depicting the most highly enriched pathways involved in sensitization to WEE1i. e , f Dose-response curve of AZD1775 in control RPE1 TP53 KO and RPE1 TP53 KO EIF2A KO cells ( e ) and OVCAR3, OVCAR3 EIF2A KO #1 and OVCAR3 EIF2A KO #2 cells ( f ). Cells were treated for 5 days and cellular viability was measured by MTT conversion. Data represent mean ± standard deviation (SD) (n = 3). g Immunofluorescence microscopy analysis of γH2AX in control RPE1 TP53 KO and EIF2A KO cells treated with AZD1775 (500 nM) for 24 h. Mean foci intensity per cell is plotted. Medians of n = 218, 212, 228 or 206 cells, respectively, measured across 3 independent experiments. Paired t-test (two-sided) of medians, p ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. h scEdU-seq maximum normalized log counts are plotted for control RPE1 TP53 KO and RPE1 TP53 KO EIF2A KO cells, ranked according to S-phase progression (y-axis) and binned per 400 kb (x-axis). A 40 megabase region of chromosome 2 is shown. All replicates are biological replicates unless indicated otherwise. Source data are provided as a file.

Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: WEE1 inhibitors trigger GCN2-mediated activation of the integrated stress response

doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-66514-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: a Experimental setup of the viral insertional mutagenesis screen in ( b ). b Sense/total insertion ratios from mutagenesis screens performed in HAP1 cells treated with AZD1775 or DMSO. Genes with significantly less sense insertions in AZD1775-treated cells are indicated. c Schematic representation of high-ranking gene mutations causing sensitization to WEE1i. d Pathway enrichment analysis, depicting the most highly enriched pathways involved in sensitization to WEE1i. e , f Dose-response curve of AZD1775 in control RPE1 TP53 KO and RPE1 TP53 KO EIF2A KO cells ( e ) and OVCAR3, OVCAR3 EIF2A KO #1 and OVCAR3 EIF2A KO #2 cells ( f ). Cells were treated for 5 days and cellular viability was measured by MTT conversion. Data represent mean ± standard deviation (SD) (n = 3). g Immunofluorescence microscopy analysis of γH2AX in control RPE1 TP53 KO and EIF2A KO cells treated with AZD1775 (500 nM) for 24 h. Mean foci intensity per cell is plotted. Medians of n = 218, 212, 228 or 206 cells, respectively, measured across 3 independent experiments. Paired t-test (two-sided) of medians, p ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. h scEdU-seq maximum normalized log counts are plotted for control RPE1 TP53 KO and RPE1 TP53 KO EIF2A KO cells, ranked according to S-phase progression (y-axis) and binned per 400 kb (x-axis). A 40 megabase region of chromosome 2 is shown. All replicates are biological replicates unless indicated otherwise. Source data are provided as a file.

Article Snippet: The chemicals used in this study were AZD1775 (#1494, Axon Medchem or S1525, Selleck Chemicals), Debio 0123 (S9778, Selleckchem), A92 (#2720, Axon Medchem), RP-6306 (gift from Repare Therapeutics), AZD7762 (#1399, Axon Medchem), VE-822 (#2452, Axon Medchem), ZNL 02-096 (7240, Tocris), thapsigargin (T9033, Merck), doxorubicin (sc-280681, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), nocodazole (M1404, Sigma), palbociclib (1505, Axon Medchem), integrated stress response inhibitor (ISRIB; SML0843, Sigma or S7400, Selleckchem), salubrinal (S2923, Selleckchem), GCN2iB (S8929, Selleckchem), neratinib (#1526, Axon Medchem) and Emetine (E521535, Toronto Research Chemicals).

Techniques: Mutagenesis, Control, Standard Deviation, Immunofluorescence, Microscopy

a Gene set enrichment analysis of RNA-seq data of RPE1 TP53 KO control and EIF2A KO cells (more detailed analysis in Supplementary Fig. ). Circle size represents gene set size (control: n = 3, EIF2A KO : n = 1). b , c SILAC-based proteomics analysis of RPE1 TP53 KO control and EIF2A KO cells, showing differential protein expression at baseline ( b ) and upon AZD1775 treatment for 6, 24 and 48 h ( c ) (n = 2). Red datapoint indicates eIF2A, green datapoints indicate other screen hits. d RPE1 TP53 KO control and EIF2A KO cells were treated with AZD1775 or Debio 0123 (1 µM) for 24 h, followed by a 10’ puromycin pulse. Puromycin incorporation was visualized by immunoblotting (left) and quantified (right). Data represent mean ± SD; RPE1 TP53 KO EIF2A KO treated with Debio 0123 (n = 4); control RPE1 TP53 KO treated with DMSO or AZD1775 (n = 7); Other conditions (n = 5). e RPE1 TP53 KO PAC KO cells were treated with AZD1775 (250 nM) and ISRIB for 24 h and subsequently labeled with L-azidohomoalanine (AHA). Immunoblot of AHA-labeled proteins and quantification is shown. Data represent mean and individual datapoints (n = 2). f Schematic overview of the CRISPR/Cas9 genome-wide AZD1775 resistance screen. g MAGeCK scores for individual genes in the RPE1 TP53 KO AZD1775 positive selection screen (day 12 vs day 0). h Cell confluency analysis of parental RPE1 TP53 KO PAC KO or GCN2 KO cells. Mean ± range, n = 3 for control and GCN2 KO #1, n = 2 for GCN2 KO #2. i Quantification of clonogenic survival assays of parental RPE1 TP53 KO PAC KO and ATF4 KO cells (corresponding images provided in Supplementary Fig. ). Mean ± SD, n = 3 for all conditions. j , k Representative histograms ( j ) and quantification ( k ) of ATF4-mScarlet flow cytometry measurements in RPE1 TP53 KO ATF4-mScarlet reporter cells treated with thapsigargin (1 µM), AZD1775 (1 µM), Debio 0123 (1 µM) and/or A92 (1 µM) for 24 h. Data represent mean ± SD (n = 3). Statistical analysis of ( d , k ): unpaired t-test (two-sided) with p ≤ 0.05 considered significant. All replicates are biological replicates unless indicated otherwise. Source data are provided as a file.

Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: WEE1 inhibitors trigger GCN2-mediated activation of the integrated stress response

doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-66514-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: a Gene set enrichment analysis of RNA-seq data of RPE1 TP53 KO control and EIF2A KO cells (more detailed analysis in Supplementary Fig. ). Circle size represents gene set size (control: n = 3, EIF2A KO : n = 1). b , c SILAC-based proteomics analysis of RPE1 TP53 KO control and EIF2A KO cells, showing differential protein expression at baseline ( b ) and upon AZD1775 treatment for 6, 24 and 48 h ( c ) (n = 2). Red datapoint indicates eIF2A, green datapoints indicate other screen hits. d RPE1 TP53 KO control and EIF2A KO cells were treated with AZD1775 or Debio 0123 (1 µM) for 24 h, followed by a 10’ puromycin pulse. Puromycin incorporation was visualized by immunoblotting (left) and quantified (right). Data represent mean ± SD; RPE1 TP53 KO EIF2A KO treated with Debio 0123 (n = 4); control RPE1 TP53 KO treated with DMSO or AZD1775 (n = 7); Other conditions (n = 5). e RPE1 TP53 KO PAC KO cells were treated with AZD1775 (250 nM) and ISRIB for 24 h and subsequently labeled with L-azidohomoalanine (AHA). Immunoblot of AHA-labeled proteins and quantification is shown. Data represent mean and individual datapoints (n = 2). f Schematic overview of the CRISPR/Cas9 genome-wide AZD1775 resistance screen. g MAGeCK scores for individual genes in the RPE1 TP53 KO AZD1775 positive selection screen (day 12 vs day 0). h Cell confluency analysis of parental RPE1 TP53 KO PAC KO or GCN2 KO cells. Mean ± range, n = 3 for control and GCN2 KO #1, n = 2 for GCN2 KO #2. i Quantification of clonogenic survival assays of parental RPE1 TP53 KO PAC KO and ATF4 KO cells (corresponding images provided in Supplementary Fig. ). Mean ± SD, n = 3 for all conditions. j , k Representative histograms ( j ) and quantification ( k ) of ATF4-mScarlet flow cytometry measurements in RPE1 TP53 KO ATF4-mScarlet reporter cells treated with thapsigargin (1 µM), AZD1775 (1 µM), Debio 0123 (1 µM) and/or A92 (1 µM) for 24 h. Data represent mean ± SD (n = 3). Statistical analysis of ( d , k ): unpaired t-test (two-sided) with p ≤ 0.05 considered significant. All replicates are biological replicates unless indicated otherwise. Source data are provided as a file.

Techniques: RNA Sequencing, Control, Multiplex sample analysis, Expressing, Western Blot, Labeling, CRISPR, Genome Wide, Selection, Flow Cytometry

a RPE1 TP53 KO PAC KO cells were treated with AZD1775 (250 nM) for 6 h in the presence or absence of ISRIB (1 μM), pulse labeled with EdU, and processed for quantitative image-based cytometry. Cell cycle stage was defined by DNA content and EdU positivity. Each point represents a cell. Two independent replicates are defined by two different colors. Bars represent means of each replicate. Experimental set-up ( b ) and flow cytometry analysis ( c ) of RPE1 TP53 KO ATF4-mScarlet-NLS reporter cells. Cells were treated overnight with nocodazole. Mitotic cells were isolated and replated in the presence or absence of palbociclib. After 2 h, AZD1775 (1 µM) and/or A92 (1 µM) was added for 20 h. Data represent mean ± SD (n = 3). Flow cytometry gating strategy ( d ) and analysis of γH2AX in RPE1 TP53 KO cells after treatment with AZD1775 (1 µM) and/or A92 (1 µM) in the absence ( e , left) or presence ( e , right) of nocodazole. Data represent mean ± SD (n = 4). f Flow cytometry analysis of MPM2-positivity in RPE1 TP53 KO cells after treatment with nocodazole, doxorubicin, AZD1775 (1 µM) and/or A92 (1 µM). Data represent mean ± SD (n = 3). g Flow cytometry analysis of MPM2-positivity in control RPE1 TP53 KO PAC KO and ATF4 KO #1 or GCN2 KO #1 cells after treatment with nocodazole, doxorubicin and AZD1775 (1 µM). Data represent mean ± SD (parental conditions n = 4, KO conditions n = 3). h Immunoblot of resting PBMCs or PBMCs stimulated with anti-CD3/CD28 beads. PBMCs were treated with DMSO, AZD1775 (500 nM) or thapsigargin (500 nM) for 24 h. Representative blot of n = 3 independent experiments. i RPE1 TP53 KO PAC KO and GCN2 KO cells were treated with AZD1775 and/or cisplatin for 5 days. Cell survival was analyzed by MTT conversion. Data represent mean ± SD (n = 4). Statistical analysis for c , e , f , g was performed using unpaired t-tests (two-sided), with p ≤ 0.05 considered significant. All replicates are biological replicates unless indicated otherwise. Source data are provided as a file.

Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: WEE1 inhibitors trigger GCN2-mediated activation of the integrated stress response

doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-66514-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: a RPE1 TP53 KO PAC KO cells were treated with AZD1775 (250 nM) for 6 h in the presence or absence of ISRIB (1 μM), pulse labeled with EdU, and processed for quantitative image-based cytometry. Cell cycle stage was defined by DNA content and EdU positivity. Each point represents a cell. Two independent replicates are defined by two different colors. Bars represent means of each replicate. Experimental set-up ( b ) and flow cytometry analysis ( c ) of RPE1 TP53 KO ATF4-mScarlet-NLS reporter cells. Cells were treated overnight with nocodazole. Mitotic cells were isolated and replated in the presence or absence of palbociclib. After 2 h, AZD1775 (1 µM) and/or A92 (1 µM) was added for 20 h. Data represent mean ± SD (n = 3). Flow cytometry gating strategy ( d ) and analysis of γH2AX in RPE1 TP53 KO cells after treatment with AZD1775 (1 µM) and/or A92 (1 µM) in the absence ( e , left) or presence ( e , right) of nocodazole. Data represent mean ± SD (n = 4). f Flow cytometry analysis of MPM2-positivity in RPE1 TP53 KO cells after treatment with nocodazole, doxorubicin, AZD1775 (1 µM) and/or A92 (1 µM). Data represent mean ± SD (n = 3). g Flow cytometry analysis of MPM2-positivity in control RPE1 TP53 KO PAC KO and ATF4 KO #1 or GCN2 KO #1 cells after treatment with nocodazole, doxorubicin and AZD1775 (1 µM). Data represent mean ± SD (parental conditions n = 4, KO conditions n = 3). h Immunoblot of resting PBMCs or PBMCs stimulated with anti-CD3/CD28 beads. PBMCs were treated with DMSO, AZD1775 (500 nM) or thapsigargin (500 nM) for 24 h. Representative blot of n = 3 independent experiments. i RPE1 TP53 KO PAC KO and GCN2 KO cells were treated with AZD1775 and/or cisplatin for 5 days. Cell survival was analyzed by MTT conversion. Data represent mean ± SD (n = 4). Statistical analysis for c , e , f , g was performed using unpaired t-tests (two-sided), with p ≤ 0.05 considered significant. All replicates are biological replicates unless indicated otherwise. Source data are provided as a file.

Techniques: Labeling, Cytometry, Flow Cytometry, Isolation, Control, Western Blot

a Schematic overview of the CRISPR screen in ( b ). b NormZ scores of individual genes in an RPE1 TP53 KO PAC KO Cas9 negative selection AZD1775 CRISPR screen (day 15 vs. day 0). Positive normZ scores indicate suppression, and negative normZ scores indicate synergy. Genes are color-coded by category; Orange: cell cycle checkpoint kinases, Green: ribosome quality control, Blue: ISR kinases GCN1L1 ( GCN1 ) and EIF2AK4 (GCN2). c Schematic representation of ribosome quality control pathway members with high-ranking screen hits sensitizing to WEE1i. d Schematic representation of single ribosome mRNA translation kinetics measured by socRNA-mediated GFP translation. e Representative image of socRNA-mediated GFP translation as analyzed in ( f ). f GFP foci intensity over time (n = 1, tracking of 67 (no drug) or 73 (AZD1775) socRNAs). Lines and shaded areas indicate mean ± SD. g Elongation speed of a single ribosome on a socRNA in control or AZD1775-treated cells. Data represent mean ± SD (no drug: n = 58, AZD1775: n = 54, from 2 experiments), unpaired t-test (two-sided) with p ≤ 0.05 considered significant. h Schematic representation of a socRNA containing an Xbp1 pause sequence. Puromycin addition triggers the release of ribosomes and nascent peptide chains from a socRNA, allowing quantification of ribosome copies per socRNA. i Visual representation of ribosome release upon puromycin addition to socRNA, as quantified in ( j ). j Fraction of analyzed socRNAs containing indicated numbers of translating ribosomes per socRNA after AZD1775 treatment (300 nM, 24 h) with or without GCN2i A92 (1 µM). Mean ± range (No drug n = 3; AZD1775 n = 4, AZD1775 + A92 n = 2). k Immunoblot of RPE1 TP53 KO cells after 30 min treatment with emetine (0.5 µg/ml) and puromycin pulse (n = 1). l Immunoblot of RPE1 TP53 KO cells co-treated with AZD1775 (250 nM) and indicated doses of emetine according to the indicated timeline. Representative experiment of n = 2. m Immunoblot of RPE1 TP53 KO cells treated with AZD1775 (250 nM) for 4.5 h, and during the last 30 min co-treatment with emetine (0.5 µg/ml). Representative experiment of n = 2. All replicates are biological replicates unless indicated otherwise. Source data are provided as a file.

Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: WEE1 inhibitors trigger GCN2-mediated activation of the integrated stress response

doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-66514-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: a Schematic overview of the CRISPR screen in ( b ). b NormZ scores of individual genes in an RPE1 TP53 KO PAC KO Cas9 negative selection AZD1775 CRISPR screen (day 15 vs. day 0). Positive normZ scores indicate suppression, and negative normZ scores indicate synergy. Genes are color-coded by category; Orange: cell cycle checkpoint kinases, Green: ribosome quality control, Blue: ISR kinases GCN1L1 ( GCN1 ) and EIF2AK4 (GCN2). c Schematic representation of ribosome quality control pathway members with high-ranking screen hits sensitizing to WEE1i. d Schematic representation of single ribosome mRNA translation kinetics measured by socRNA-mediated GFP translation. e Representative image of socRNA-mediated GFP translation as analyzed in ( f ). f GFP foci intensity over time (n = 1, tracking of 67 (no drug) or 73 (AZD1775) socRNAs). Lines and shaded areas indicate mean ± SD. g Elongation speed of a single ribosome on a socRNA in control or AZD1775-treated cells. Data represent mean ± SD (no drug: n = 58, AZD1775: n = 54, from 2 experiments), unpaired t-test (two-sided) with p ≤ 0.05 considered significant. h Schematic representation of a socRNA containing an Xbp1 pause sequence. Puromycin addition triggers the release of ribosomes and nascent peptide chains from a socRNA, allowing quantification of ribosome copies per socRNA. i Visual representation of ribosome release upon puromycin addition to socRNA, as quantified in ( j ). j Fraction of analyzed socRNAs containing indicated numbers of translating ribosomes per socRNA after AZD1775 treatment (300 nM, 24 h) with or without GCN2i A92 (1 µM). Mean ± range (No drug n = 3; AZD1775 n = 4, AZD1775 + A92 n = 2). k Immunoblot of RPE1 TP53 KO cells after 30 min treatment with emetine (0.5 µg/ml) and puromycin pulse (n = 1). l Immunoblot of RPE1 TP53 KO cells co-treated with AZD1775 (250 nM) and indicated doses of emetine according to the indicated timeline. Representative experiment of n = 2. m Immunoblot of RPE1 TP53 KO cells treated with AZD1775 (250 nM) for 4.5 h, and during the last 30 min co-treatment with emetine (0.5 µg/ml). Representative experiment of n = 2. All replicates are biological replicates unless indicated otherwise. Source data are provided as a file.

Techniques: CRISPR, Selection, Control, Sequencing, Western Blot

a Relative ATF4-mScarlet MFI in RPE1 ATF4-mScarlet reporter cells after treatment with 125, 250, 500, or 1000 nM of AZD1775, RP-6306, VE-822 or AZD7762. Data represent mean ± SD (DMSO: n = 4; other conditions: n = 3). Statistical analysis was performed using a one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s multiple comparisons with p ≤ 0.05 considered significant. b Immunoblot of RPE1 TP53 KO cells treated with siRNA targeting WEE1 for 72 h and AZD1775 (250 nM) for 2.5 or 5 h. Representative blot of n = 3 experiments. WEE1 and GCN2 engagement as measured by NanoBRET kinase target engagement assay. HEK293 cells were transfected with WEE1-NanoLuc ( c ) and NanoLuc-GCN2 ( d ) and incubated with K-10 tracer (0.5 μM), and indicated doses of CC1, GCN2iB, AZD1775, Debio 0123, ZNL-02-096, RP-6306 or neratinib for 2 h prior to substrate addition and BRET signal detection. Data represent mean ± SD (n = 3). Representative histograms ( e ) and quantification ( f ) of ATF4-mScarlet flow cytometry measurements in RPE1 TP53 KO ATF4-mScarlet reporter cells treated with siRNAs targeting GCN1 and AZD1775 or neratinib (1 µM) for 5 h. Data represent mean ± SD (n = 3), statistical analysis: two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test, with p ≤ 0.05 considered significant. g Model of WEE1 inhibitor mode of action and consequences. All replicates are biological replicates unless indicated otherwise. Source data are provided as a file.

Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: WEE1 inhibitors trigger GCN2-mediated activation of the integrated stress response

doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-66514-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: a Relative ATF4-mScarlet MFI in RPE1 ATF4-mScarlet reporter cells after treatment with 125, 250, 500, or 1000 nM of AZD1775, RP-6306, VE-822 or AZD7762. Data represent mean ± SD (DMSO: n = 4; other conditions: n = 3). Statistical analysis was performed using a one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s multiple comparisons with p ≤ 0.05 considered significant. b Immunoblot of RPE1 TP53 KO cells treated with siRNA targeting WEE1 for 72 h and AZD1775 (250 nM) for 2.5 or 5 h. Representative blot of n = 3 experiments. WEE1 and GCN2 engagement as measured by NanoBRET kinase target engagement assay. HEK293 cells were transfected with WEE1-NanoLuc ( c ) and NanoLuc-GCN2 ( d ) and incubated with K-10 tracer (0.5 μM), and indicated doses of CC1, GCN2iB, AZD1775, Debio 0123, ZNL-02-096, RP-6306 or neratinib for 2 h prior to substrate addition and BRET signal detection. Data represent mean ± SD (n = 3). Representative histograms ( e ) and quantification ( f ) of ATF4-mScarlet flow cytometry measurements in RPE1 TP53 KO ATF4-mScarlet reporter cells treated with siRNAs targeting GCN1 and AZD1775 or neratinib (1 µM) for 5 h. Data represent mean ± SD (n = 3), statistical analysis: two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test, with p ≤ 0.05 considered significant. g Model of WEE1 inhibitor mode of action and consequences. All replicates are biological replicates unless indicated otherwise. Source data are provided as a file.

Techniques: Western Blot, Drug discovery, Transfection, Incubation, Flow Cytometry

a Relative ATF4-mScarlet MFI in RPE1 TP53 KO ATF4-mScarlet reporter cells after treatment with the indicated doses of Debio 0123. Data represent mean ± SD (n = 3). b Cell viability in parental RPE1 TP53 KO PAC KO , GCN2 KO #1 and GCN2 KO #2 cells after treatment with Debio 0123 and RP-6306 at the indicated doses (n = 5). c ZIP synergy scores from cell survival matrices shown in ( b , d ). Data represent mean ± SD (n = 5). d Synergy plots with ZIP synergy scores of heatmaps shown in ( b ). e Relative ATF4-mScarlet MFI in RPE1 TP53 KO ATF4-mScarlet reporter cells treated with the indicated doses of AZD1775, Debio 0123 and RP-6306. Data represent mean ± SD (n = 4). Statistical analysis ( a , c , e ) was performed using paired t-tests (two-sided), with p ≤ 0.05 considered significant. All replicates are biological replicates unless indicated otherwise. Source data are provided as a file.

Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: WEE1 inhibitors trigger GCN2-mediated activation of the integrated stress response

doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-66514-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: a Relative ATF4-mScarlet MFI in RPE1 TP53 KO ATF4-mScarlet reporter cells after treatment with the indicated doses of Debio 0123. Data represent mean ± SD (n = 3). b Cell viability in parental RPE1 TP53 KO PAC KO , GCN2 KO #1 and GCN2 KO #2 cells after treatment with Debio 0123 and RP-6306 at the indicated doses (n = 5). c ZIP synergy scores from cell survival matrices shown in ( b , d ). Data represent mean ± SD (n = 5). d Synergy plots with ZIP synergy scores of heatmaps shown in ( b ). e Relative ATF4-mScarlet MFI in RPE1 TP53 KO ATF4-mScarlet reporter cells treated with the indicated doses of AZD1775, Debio 0123 and RP-6306. Data represent mean ± SD (n = 4). Statistical analysis ( a , c , e ) was performed using paired t-tests (two-sided), with p ≤ 0.05 considered significant. All replicates are biological replicates unless indicated otherwise. Source data are provided as a file.

Techniques:

Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: Harnessing free energy calculations for kinome-wide selectivity in drug discovery campaigns with a Wee1 case study

doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-62722-w

Figure Lengend Snippet: a Thermodynamic cycle leveraged by ligand-based relative binding free energy calculations (L-RB-FEP+) to estimate the binding affinity of a design idea (orange) (ΔG expt design ) relative to experimental binding affinity of reference compound (green) (ΔG expt reference ) in the crystallographic structure of AZD1775 (compound 1 ) within the Wee1 binding pocket (gray surface representation; PDB ID 5V5Y ). Arrows A and B represent the alchemical perturbation between the reference and design idea in solvent (ΔG FEP solvent ) and the binding pocket, (ΔG FEP complex ), respectively, while arrows 1 and 2 represent experimental binding affinities. b Sample schematic of an L-RB-FEP+ profiling cascade to predict potency and selectivity against three off-targets such that only the most promising designs need to be promoted to subsequent stages.

Article Snippet: AstraZeneca’s Wee1 inhibitor, AZD1775 (Compound 1 ), licensed from Merck & Co was studied in multiple Phase 2 clinical trials over a period of nine years before being discontinued due to a narrow therapeutic window mainly driven by combined myelosuppression and gastrointestinal toxicity.

Techniques: Binding Assay, Solvent

Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: Harnessing free energy calculations for kinome-wide selectivity in drug discovery campaigns with a Wee1 case study

doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-62722-w

Figure Lengend Snippet: a Schematic of Wee1 in cell cycle regulation. The cell cycle is composed of four major phases, including G1 (gap 1), S (DNA synthesis), G2 (gap 2) and M (mitosis). Wee1 is a gatekeeper of the G2-M cell cycle checkpoint through phosphorylation of CDK1/2. Inhibition of Wee1 forces cells into unscheduled mitosis and culminates in premature cell death. b Binding pocket representation of AZD1775 bound to Wee1 (PDB ID: 5V5Y ; generated in Maestro (Schrödinger Release 2024-2: Maestro, Schrödinger, LLC, New York, NY, 2024.) c 2D schematic of AZD1775 scaffold with highlighted R1 group occupying the hydrophobic pocket around the gatekeeper (GK) residue, R2 group located under the p-loop and the R3 group protruding into the solvent-exposed region.

Techniques: DNA Synthesis, Phospho-proteomics, Inhibition, Binding Assay, Generated, Residue, Solvent

Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: Harnessing free energy calculations for kinome-wide selectivity in drug discovery campaigns with a Wee1 case study

doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-62722-w

Figure Lengend Snippet: a Compound 10 (PDB ID: 9D0R), b compound 11 (PDB ID: 9D0Q), c compound 14 (PDB ID: 9D0S), d PD-166285 (compound 15 ; PDB ID: 5VC5 ), and e overlay of compounds 10, 11 , and 14 (green) with AZD1775 (orange) in the Wee1 binding pocket (select residues for 5V5Y displayed in cyan ribbons and gray surface). All ligand interaction diagrams generated in Maestro (Schrödinger Release 2024-2: Maestro, Schrödinger, LLC, New York, NY, 2024).

Techniques: Binding Assay, Generated

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